I now have an iPhone 5, so I bought the 30-pin dock connector to lightning adapter, plugged that into this cable, and into my iPhone 5, and was happy to see it working perfectly too!
Apple’s standard iPhone 5 cradle does the job: It has both a lightning connector and an AUX socket. With a lightning extender cable such as this one (and a little carving for the extender cable to fit into the cradle), my iPhone 6 plays music and charges simultaneously in my car — until the extender cable’s lightning socket loses its grip after a few weeks, unfortunately, as with my two specimen (and apparently those of many other amazon customers).
If there was a solid lightning extender cable with a slim socket to fit into the iPhone 5 cradle, this would be a good solution for simultaneous iPhone music and charging, in cars and at home. Should anyone know of a decent extender cable, please respond.
…And then there’s the ISIMPLE IS7505 car connector cable, obviously. Like Apple’s cradle above, it also lets your iPhone charge and play music at the same time via the iPhone’s lightning port to +12V and stereo RCA jacks for dashboard installation.
Concluding, it has always surprised me that there aren’t many more adapters making use of the lightning port’s capability to play audio and charge the phone simultaneously: Contrary to other responses to this thread, the technology is there.