Slavery: What famous buildings in America were built with slave labor?

It reasonable to assume that virtually every ante-bellum (pre Civil War) building in the South was built, to a greater or lesser degree, with slave labor. But perhaps the most symbolically powerful example of this is that of the original construction of the President's House (later the White House) and of the US Capitol building in the swampy wilderness that would become the District of Columbia. The HBO series "John Adams" implied the discomfort of John and Abigail Adams with the harsh reality, for them, of slaves at work still completing construction of the new President's House when they moved in in 1800.

Little of the original fabric of that White House, begun in 1792, remains after the fire of 1814 that gutted the building and then the frequent alteration and redecoration schemes that followed culminating in Theodore Roosevelt's extensive redesign executed by architect Charles McKim in 1902. At that point at least the timber form the 1814 reconstruction was still extant but that building fabric was finally carted away during the total gut renovation completed during the Truman Admin.

More of the modest early construction exists within the US capitol, though much of it is subsumed within later construction.

Construction of Mount Vernon and Monticello was undertaken with unskilled slave labor, skilled slave craftsman resident at those plantations with talent and initiative whom Washington and Jefferson rewarded with the opportunity to master these skills and by independent carpenters, masons, plaster workers and other artisans that   Washington and Jefferson paid to come  and reside at their estates for the duration of construction. An excellent book that chronicals the trials and tribulations of building Jefferson's ambitious house is Jefferson and Monticello: The Biography of a Builder, by Jack McLaughlin. McLaughlin also identifies those individuals, both slave and hired craftsman, who labored with Jefferson vision for decades. The realities of life at Monticello for the enslaved laborers who spent their lives as Jefferson';s property is presented in detail.