Pretty much everywhere in the world houses and buildings are built with CMU blocks, because they are inexpensive and easy to work with.
My understanding is that the US builders keep building with wood because it is the most inexpensive local construction material and US consumers are obviously not worried about durability. They also probably lack the manpower and knowledge basis for this type of work so they stick with what they know better.
In Europe, people usually expect their house to last several generations, whereas the oldest homes in the US must be 120 years old; maybe there is something about that.
Houses in the US are tore down and rebuilt at a much higher pace than in old Europe.
In the long run, concrete homes are very likely more economical; they last much longer, they do not have mold or termite issues, concrete blocks do not crack or twist like wood does. They hold off much better against elements.
Still, they offer great flexibility; you can easily delete and move the walls as long as they are not bearing the roof.
On top of that, CMU walls have higher fire and weather insulation properties than a typical wood frame wall. A hollow CMU block has a fire rating of 2 hours upgraded to 4 hours if the cells are grouted or filled with other filling materials(which is the case most of the time)
A typical wood frame wall made of 2x6 with 2x 1/2 drywall board and fiberglass wool insulation would likely fail in 30 minutes, unless built with modern 5/8 commercial grade X type gypsum boards; but still the wall would only hold 1 hour against 4 hours with a CMU wall.
The vast majority of houses in the mediterranean do not have air conditionning even though the temperatures often reach over 100 degrees. Walls are typically made of stucco over hollow or grouted (filled) CMU blocks and clay tiles roofs.
People usually keep the windows and doors closed during the hottest hours of the day and open at night so the house remain cold without using ventilation or AC, which proves the effectiveness of such constructions against extreme temperatures
